Aspen HYSYS Simulation for Biodiesel Production from Castor Seed Oil using Calcium Oxide Nanocatalyst and Its Purification Via Micro Membrane Filtration

Abstract

Biodiesel is a promising renewable energy source, that holds potential for replacing conventional fuels with reduced environmental impact. In this study, biodiesel is produced via a transesterification process from castor seed oil extracted by the Soxhlet extraction method. The transesterification process employed a calcium oxide nano-catalyst synthesized from eggshell waste. Optimization of process parameters through Response Surface Methodology (RSM) considers temperature (40°C, 50°C, 60°C), reaction time (60 minutes, 75 minutes, 90 minutes), catalyst load (1%, 1.5%, 2), and methanol to oil ratio (1:6, 1:9, 1:12) at three levels for each. Experimental results validate RSM predictions, achieving a 97% biodiesel yield under optimal conditions (60°C temperature, 75-minute reaction time, 1.5% catalyst loading, and 1:9 oil-to methanol ratios). The research extends to the purification process, employing micro membrane filtration with varying pore sizes (0.1 µm, 0.22 µm, and 0.45 µm) to minimize water usage and environmental impact. Physiochemical properties of biodiesel: density (0.9138g/ml), FFA (0.0.356 ± 0.11%), saponification value (180.52mg KOH g/g oil), Heating value (41.063MJ/kg), and Iodine value (80.52 g of I2 / 100g of fuel) are aligned with fuel properties. Analytical techniques, including Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy and Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry, reveal promising chemical characteristics, with saturated, polyunsaturated, and monounsaturated components at 2.59%, 4.80%, and 92.61%, respectively. Aspen HYSYS simulation enhances the understanding of the entire biodiesel production process. Therefore, this study leverages Aspen HYSYS software for simulating the biodiesel production process while employing Response Surface Methodology (RSM) to optimize key process conditions. Additionally, the research assesses the effectiveness of micro membrane filtration in purifying biodiesel, offering valuable insights into its selectivity and permeability. These findings contribute to the development of sustainable and environmentally friendly fuel production practices, marking a significant stride towards cleaner energy alternatives.