Incidence of laryngospasm and its associated factors in Pediatric patients underwent cleft lip and palate repair at Jimma university compressive specialized hospital, jimma, Ethiopia 2024 gc

Abstract

Background: Laryngospasm is a reflex that causes the upper airway to close due to a spasm in the glottis muscles, potentially leading to breathing difficulties. Anesthesia for cleft surgery in children is associated with a variety of airway related problems, with laryngospasm being particularly prominent. However, despite its clinical significance in cleft lip and palate, there is a notable lack of research in our country on the incidence and the factors associated with its occurrence. Objective: To determine incidence and associated factors of laryngospasm in pediatric patients undergoing cleft lip and palate repair in in Jimma University Medical Centre, Jimma, Ethiopia, from October to January 2024. Method: A institutional based cross sectional study was conducted at JUCSH, involving 88 consecutively selected patients undergoing elective cleft lip and palate repair. Data were collected using structured questionnaires by electronic questioner (kobotool box), entered into Epi-data version 4.1, and analyzed in SPSS version 27. With Levene’s test homogeneity was checked, and the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test assessed normality. A binary logistic regression model was used to identify associated factors. Result: The incidence of laryngospasm among cleft lip and palate in this study is 19.3% (95%CI: 11.7-29.1). In this study, the significant risk factor are secondary repair surgery 14.5 times more likely to experience to those of primary repair(AOR = 14.5, 95% CI: 2.80–75.3), presence of an upper respiratory tract infection within two weeks before surgery increased the risk by 5.15 times (AOR = 5.15, 95% CI: 1.11–23.9), Difficulty in intubation was associated with a 14.5 times higher likelihood of laryngospasm (AOR = 14.5, 95% CI: 2.80–75.3) and the use of a suction device during light anesthesia significantly raised the risk by 9.39 times (AOR = 9.39, 95% CI: 1.51 58.3). Conclusion: The incidence of perioperative pediatric laryngospasm during cleft lip and palate repair is significant, particularly in emergencies phases. Risk factors include recent upper respiratory infections, difficult intubation, secondary repair and suction use during light anesthesia.