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Background: Neonatal sepsis (NS) is a potentially deadly and life-threatening condition that
arises from an unregulated host response to a systemic infection within the first 28 days of life in
the newborn. Understanding the bacterial profiles and antibiotic susceptibility patterns causing
neonatal sepsis is crucial for guiding appropriate treatment, improving patient outcomes, and
combating the emergence of antibiotic resistance. The study aimed at determining the Bacterial
Profile and Antimicrobial Susceptibility Patterns among Neonate Diagnosed with Sepsis at
Jimma Medical Center from April 2024 to September 2024.
Methods: Hospital-based cross-sectional study design was conducted at JUMC from April 2024
to September 30th, 2024. Blood culture was performed for a total of 342 septicemia suspected
patients at NICU wards. Bacterial isolation and identification were made using standard
bacteriological methods. Antimicrobial susceptibility was done by disk diffusion method.
Extended spectrum beta lactamase (ESBL) and MDR production were determined among gram
negative bacteria (GNB). Socio-demographic data of study participants was collected using a
structured questionnaire by interviewing the parents of neonates in a face-to-face approach. and
Data was managed using STATA version 16.0 and WHONET 2024 software
Resuls:: Of 342 participants, 40% (95% CI: 35.1, 45.6) of culture-confirmed sepsis was. Gram
negative bacteria accounted for 73.1% (95% CI: 65.6, 80.7) of the cases, ESBL-producing
isolates accounted for 70% (95% CI: 69.8, 72.8) cases, Finally, multidrug-resistant bacteria were
detected in 88.4% (95% CI: 81.8, 93.0) of the cases, with Extended beta lactamase (ESBL)
producing gram-negative isolates contributed 55.7% (95% CI: 46.5, 64.6), followed by non
ESBL-producing gram-negatives at 25.4% (95% CI: 18.0, 34.1).
Conclusion: - The prevalence rate of septicemia suspected patients was significantly high. GNB
were the predominant isolates and majority of isolates were MDR pathogens. The majority
(69.3%) of gram negative bacteria were ESBL producers.
Recommendations: Better diagnostic capability, enhanced infection prevention and antibiotic
stewardship programs (ASP) are necessary to reduce the incidence of septicemia and AMR |
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