Abstract:
Background: Hypertension is a common vascular disease and the main risk factor for
cardiovascular diseases. Since the incidence of hypertension is rising in Ethiopia, one may
expect that the household’s cost of healthcare services related to the disease will increase in
the near future. Yet the cost associated with the disease is not known. We aimed to estimate
the total cost of hypertension illness and identify associated factors among patients attending
hospitals in Southwest Shewa zone, Oromia regional state, Ethiopia.
Patients and Methods: An institution-based cross-sectional study design was employed to
conduct the study from 13 August to 2 September 2018. All hypertensive patients aged 18 years
and older who were on follow-up were eligible for this study. The total cost of hypertension illness
was estimated by summing the direct and indirect costs. Bivariate and multivariate linear regression
analyses were performed to identify factors associated with hypertension costs of illnesses.
Results: A total of 349 patients participated in the study. The mean monthly total cost of
hypertension illness was US$ 22.3 (95% CI, 21.3–23.3). Direct and indirect costs constitute 51%
and 49% of the total cost, respectively. The mean direct cost of hypertension illness per patient
per month was US$ 11.39 (95% CI, 10.6–12.1). Out of these, drugs comprised higher cost (31%),
followed by food (25%). The mean indirect cost per patient per month was US$ 10.89 (95% CI,
10.4–11.4). In this study, the primary educational status, family size (4–6 and >6), distance from
hospital (≥10 km), the presence of a companion and stage of hypertension (stage two) of patients
were identified as the predictors of the cost of hypertension illnesses.
Conclusion: The cost of hypertension illness was very high when compared to the monthly
income of households, exposing patients to catastrophic costs. Hence, the government should
give due attention to protect patients from catastrophic health expenditures.
