Abstract:
To assess seroprevalences of Brucella and C. burnetii in pastoral
livestock in southeast Ethiopia, a cross-sectional study was
carried out in three livestock species (cattle, camels and goats).
The study was conducted from July 2008 to August 2010, and
eight pastoral associations (PAs) from the selected districts were
included in the study. Sera from a total of 1830 animals, comprising
862 cattle, 458 camels and 510 goats were screened initially with
Rose Bengal plate test (RBPT) for Brucella. All RBPT positive
and 25% of randomly selected negative sera were further tested
by ELISA. These comprise a total of 460 animals (211 cattle, 102
camels and 147 goats). Out of sera from total of 1830 animals,
20% were randomly selected (180 cattle, 90 camels and 98 goats)
and tested for C. burnetii using ELISA. The seroprevalences of
Brucella was 1.4% (95% confidence interval (CI), 0.8-2.6), 0.9%
(95% CI, 0.3-2.7)b and 9.6% (95% CI, 5.2-17.1) in cattle, camels
and goats, respectively. Goats and older animals were at higher
risk of infection (OR=7.3, 95% CI, 2.8-19.1) and (OR=1.7 95% CI,
0.9-2.9), respectively. Out of 98 RBPT negative camel sera, 12.0%
were positive for ELISA. The seroprevalences of C. burnetii were
31.6% (95% CI, 24.7-39.5), 90.0% (95% CI, 81.8-94.7) and 54.2%
(95% CI, 46.1-62.1) in cattle, camels and goats, respectively. We
found positive animals for C. burnetii test in all tested PAs for all
animal species. Being camel and older animal was a risk factor for
infection (OR=19.0, 95% CI, 8.9-41.2) and (OR=3.6, 95% CI, 2.0-
6.6), respectively. High seropositivity of C. burnetii in all livestock
species tested and higher seropositive in goats for Brucella, implies
risks of human infection by both diseases. Thus, merit necessity of
further study of both diseases in animals and humans in the area.
