Abstract:
Background: - Tuberculosis is one of the public health problems in the world.One third of the
world population is infected with the latent form of tuberculosis. Tuberculosis is greatest killer
worldwide due to single infection next to HIV. Ninety-five percent cases and 98% deaths due to
TB occur in developing countries especially in East Asia and Sub-Saharan Africa.
Objective: - To determine the prevalence of smear positive pulmonary tuberculosis among
suspected patients attending at Bedele hospitallaboratory during the study period.
Method: - A cross –sectional study design will be conducted in Bedele hospital from 20/02/2016
to 5/03/2016. All sputum samples from all suspected patients of pulmonary tuberculosis will be
collected in the study period. Sputum sample will be collected, up to three specimen may need to
be examined to detect M-TB in sputum, one specimen should be collected as an early morning
sputum.And examined for Acid fast bacilli (AFB) using Zeihl Nelson staining method.The
ziehel-Nelson (Zn) technique is used to stain mycobacterium species, including M. tuberculosis,
M. ulcerans and M.leprae. Mycobacterium, unlike most other bacteria, do not stained with
carbolfuchin combined with phenol. The stain binds to the mycolic acid in the mycobacterium
cell wall. After stainig, an acid decolorizing solution is applied. This remove the red dyes from
the background cells, tissue fibers and any organisms except mycobacterium which retain ( hold
fast to) the dye and are therefore reffered to as acid fast bacilli (AFB) following decolorization
the smear is counter stained with malachite green or methylen blue which stain the background
material, providing a contrast colour against which the red AFB can be seen.then examine
microscopically.Socio demographic and risk factor data will be collected by using
questionnaires.
