Abstract:
Groundwater refers to all the water occupying the voids, pores and fissures within
geological formations, which originated from atmospheric precipitation either directly
by rainfall infiltration or indirectly from rivers lakes or canals. The current concern of
world is the issues of water pollution with chemicals. The study was conducted to
analyze ‘hydrogeochemical and bacteriological suitability of groundwater for water
supply and irrigational uses in Guder town. Here, Ground water quality suitability for
domestic purposes, for irrigational uses, and groundwater type were analyzed. Using
purposive sampling technique nine samples of water were taken from different sample
points. Field and laboratory based measurement were conducted. The following
physicochemical and bacteriological parameters were analyzed following standard
methods for the analysis of water and wastewater: The average values of groundwater
quality parameters of the study area were: Temperature (22.9⁰C), turbidity (16.9NTU),
pH 7, TS (1326.9mg/L), TDS (741 mg/L), EC (1164μS/cm),TA (410.9mg/L ),Na⁺ (306.4
mg/L), K⁺(29.5mg/L), Ca²⁺(106.8mg/L), Mg²+(91.7mg/L), TH(198.5 mg/L), Fe²⁺(1.3mg/L
),SO4
2-
(88.95 mg/L), F-
(0.94mg/L),NO3
-
(5.2 mg/L), Mn²⁺(0.27mg/L), As³⁺ (0.001 mg/L),
Cl-
(17.8 mg/L), HCO3
-
(410.9 mg/L), CO3
2-
(0 mg/L). The average values of the following
physicochemical parameters of were above WHO permissible guideline values such as:
EC, TDS, HCO3
-
, TA, Ca²⁺, Fe²⁺, Mn2+
, Na⁺, K⁺, TS ,Turbidity, FC, and TC. The rest
parameters of: pH, NO3
-
, As³⁺, CO3
2-
, CO3
2-
, and Cl-
, average values were below and in
(WHO, 2011) guideline values. The maximum values of Mg²+
, SO4
2-
and TH were
recorded at BH1 of the source for water supply. Bacteriological analysis results were:
FC (9.1MPN/100) and TC (14MPN/100). Water type of the study area was determined
by using Aquachem version 4software. The water types of the studies area of BH1, SP6,
R8, and R9 were Na-Mg-Ca-SO4 types which is dominant types. The rest sample points
of: SP4, and SP5, Na-Mg-HCO3 water types and finally BH2 and HW7 of Na-HCO3
water types were detected. Groundwater suitability for irrigational uses was analyzed by
irrigational indices of: SAR (100%) suitable, %Na (55.6%), PI (55.6%) in permissive
range. However the values of SSP (77.8%) in doubtful range, and MH (62.34%) were
unsuitable. In general the study was concluded that the physicochemical and
bacteriological property of groundwater of the study area was unsuitable for domestics
and irrigational uses. Therefore Guder town municipal water supply office and
concerned body should: design and construct treatment plant; use chlorination
treatment; build cascading aerators to remove Iron; construct laboratory center for
monitoring the groundwater quality continuously.
