Abstract:
Background: Hypertensive heart disease is the target organ (heart) response of chronically
raised blood pressure and it continued to be the major public health challenge globally. During
the last two decades, morbidities and mortalities associated with hypertensive heart diseases are
significantly increasing in Ethiopia. But there are inadequate evidences on specific concomitant
risk factors predisposing hypertensive patients to develop this complication. Therefore, this study
provides evidences to guide risk driven prevention approaches in hypertensive patients.
Objective: To identify determinants of hypertensive heart diseases among adult hypertensive
patients in Adama Hospital Medical College and Bishoftu General Hospital.
Methods: The hospital-based age matched case-control study was conducted in Adama Hospital
Medical College and Bishoftu General Hospital from August-October, 2021 among adult
hypertensive patients. Cases are hypertensive patients with hypertensive heart diseases and
controls are hypertensive patients without hypertensive heart diseases. 71 cases and 142 matched
controls were included in the study using consecutive sampling method. Data were collected
using a secondary data review checklist and an interviewer administered questionnaire. Data was
entered in to Epidata V-3.2 and exported to Stata SE V-14 for analysis. Variables with P value of
< 0.05 in multivariate conditional logistic regression analysis were considered determinants for
hypertensive heart diseases.
Results: The mean age of the respondents 52.22 ± 14.52 years (52.28 for cases vs 52.19 for
controls). Determinanats of hypertensive heart diseases were found to be famiy history of
cardiovascular diseases (mAOR= 3.47, 95% CI; 1.08-11.19), urban residence (mAOR = 3.51,
95% CI; 1.17-10.52), having ≥ stage II baseline blood pressure (mAOR= 4.83, 95% CI; 1.28-
18.20), non-adherence to antihypertensive drugs (mAOR= 3.76 95% CI;1.01-14.09),
consumption of excessive salt (mAOR= 3.57, 95% CI; 1.34-9.48) and being male (mAOR =3.12,
95% CI; 1.05-9.21).
Conclusions and recommendations: Both modifiable and non-modifiable risk factors were
found to be determinant factors of hypertensive heart diseases. Therefore, health care providers
at different level of the health care should give due emphasis to lifestyle modification counseling
ii
including salt reduction and medication adherence. Early screening for identification and
management of hypertensive heart diseases should be emphasized.
