In ordinary structural concretes the aggregate constitutes 60 to 75 percent of the volume of hardened mass. Aggregates, which majority of them occurs naturally, are subjected to a wide range of variability and quality ...

Cracking in concrete bridge deck is widely regarded as a long–term durability and maintenance problem that requires attention. Once a crack has developed in a bridge deck create a path for water and de-icing salts to ...

Buckling is instability of equilibrium in structure that occurs from compressive load. Buckling occurs mainly in members subjected to compressive forces.When the applied loading is increased, the buckling deformation ...

Structural members experience strength deficiencies for a variety of reasons, including improper design, faulty construction, inspection, change in structure use, older constructions that were not designed for earthquake ...

Delayed casting of concrete forms a joint between hardened and newly placed fresh concrete which is commonly called construction or cold joints and affects strength of concrete. An experimental investigation was performed ...

As the demand for infrastructure increases, there is a corresponding increase in material consumption. High rise structures require high strength concrete to withstand high compressive loads and increase their design ...

In Ethiopia specially, it is road transport, which allows the ways for the movement of peoples and agricultural goods from rural areas to urban areas. Road transport also facilitates a means for usage of land and natural ...

Design of large span continuous bridges and building structures supporting high magnitude concentrated loads using capacity design concept should consider the presence of shear in beams. Current Ethiopian design code ...

The length of reinforcement bar is limited to facilitate fabrication, transportation, or storage capacity, and this limitation makes it impossible to provide full-length continuous rebar in most reinforced concrete ...

It is proved that the strut-and-tie model (STM) method is efficient and useful in predicting the strength of deep beams. However, the advantages of the STM approach are limited as most publications and standards lack ...