Sero-prevalence and associated risk factors of contagious bovine pleuropneumonia in Gudeya Bila and Boneya Boshe districts of East Wollega, Ethiopia.

Abstract

Contagious bovine pleuropneumonia (CBPP) remains a huge threat to cattle production in sub Saharan African countries in general and hinders livestock development in Ethiopia in particular. To this end, there is limited information about this disease in East Wollega. A cross sectional study was conducted from November, 2017 to June, 2018 in order to determine the seroprevalence and associated risk factors of CBPP in the Gudeya Bila and Boneya Boshe districts of East Wollega Zone, Oromia regional state. The study was conducted in the areas on animal with no history vaccination using simple random sampling to select the study units. A total of 384 blood samples were collected from the jugular vein of each animal and all samples were tested by competitive ELISA (c -ELISA) at Bedele Regional Veterinary Laboratory to detect the specific antibodies to Mycoplasma mycoides subspecies mycoides Small Colony (MmmSC). Information on risk factors influencing the occurrence of CBPP using questionnaire survey was collected. Data obtained from both serological and questionnaire survey was analyzed using SPSS software version 20. Multivariable logistic regression was used to analyze the association of exposure variables with MmmSC antibodies circulation. The strength of association between the risk factors and MmmSC antibody prevalence was assessed using Odds Ratio. The results indicated that, the overall seroprevalence of CBPP at individual animal-level and herd-level was 8.6% (95%CI: 5.8% - 11.4%) and 26.3% (95%CI: 17.5% -35.2%), respectively. The sero-prevalence of CBPP in Boneya Boshe and Gudeya Bila were 10.8% and 6.6%, respectively. There was a statistically significant association in the prevalence of MmmSC antibody with the body condition score (OR=4.6(1.6-13.2; P<0.01), origin of animals (OR= 12.5(3.1-51.0; P< 0.01) and history of disease (OR=4.9(1.9-12.9; P< 0.01) at individual animal and herd size (OR: 3.6 (1.3-10.3; P<0.01) at herd level. This study showed that the overall prevalence of CBPP in study area was high. This warrants the implementation of appropriate preventive and control practice.