Sero-prevalence and associated risk factors of contagious bovine pleuropneumonia in selected districts of south west shewa zone of oromia, ethiopia

Abstract

Contagious bovine pleuropneumonia (CBPP) caused by Mycoplasma mycoides subspecies mycoides small colony is a highly contagious disease of cattle which is one of the great plagues which continues to devastate the cattle population in Africa. It is one of the most important threats to cattle-raising and trade in Ethiopia. A cross sectional study was conducted on 384 randomly selected cattle from 96 cattle herds which were selected from herds of cattle managed under the traditional extensive production system in three selected districts (Woliso, Dawo and Ameya) of Southwest Shewa zone of Oromia region with the aim of determining the seroprevalence of contagious bovine pleuropneumonia and to assess the risk factors associated with its occurrence. Competitive Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay test was used to identify 384 cattle sera for Mycoplasma mycoides subspecies mycoides small colony specific antibodies. The sero-prevalence of CBPP was calculated as the number of sero-positive samples divided by the total number of samples tested. The association between risk factors and sero-prevalence of contagious bovine pleuropneumonia was computed using multivariable logistic regression analysis. Animal and herd level overall seroprevalence of contagious bovine pleuropneumonia were 9.4 % (95%CI: 6.5-12.3) and 32.3 %( 95%CI: 22.9-41.6) respectively. Among predisposing risk factors assessed (age, sex, body condition score, origin of animal, contact, herd size and introduction of new animal into herd); age (OR= 4.3, 95%CI: 1.8-10.1, P=0.001), body condition score (OR=3.4, 95%CI: 1.3-9.0, P=0.015) and herd size (OR=7.5, 95%CI: 2.7-21.2, p=0.000) were significantly associated with the sero-prevalence of contagious bovine pleuropneumonia. The present study showed that the overall seroprevalence of contagious bovine pleuropneumonia was high in the study area and this indicates a need for intervening and implementing control measures to prevent further spread of the disease in the study area and beyond through the use of better and coordinated vaccination program.