Depression, anxiety and stress and their association with substance use among Jimma University staff, Jimma, Ethiopia, 2016

Abstract

Background- Globally, neuropsychiatric disorders account for 13% of disability adjusted life years. Most of mental health problems are anxiety and depression. Currently about 450 million people suffer from mental disorders in the world, from this 150 million is attributed by depression Objective-The aim of this study was to assess the magnitude of depression, anxiety and stress and their association with substance use among Jimma University staff. Methods-A cross-sectional study was conducted on a sample of 354 respondents in Jimma University and JUSH in April 2016. Stratified simple random sampling method was used. Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale (DASS-21) and pre tested, structured interviewer administered questionnaire were used to collect sociodemographic, substance use, work related and history of chronic disease data. Data analysis was done using the SPSS Version 20.0 for Windows. Bivariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were done to determine the association between dependent and independent variables. P < 0.05 at multivariate logistic regression analyses was employed to declare the statically significant of the variables. Results-The prevalence of depression, anxiety and stress was found to be 22.9%, 19.2% and 28.2% respectively. Being female [AOR=2.43, 95% CI (1.215-4.867)], no job satisfaction [AOR=10.59, 95%CI (4.884-22.979)], presence of conflict with colleagues [AOR=2.33, 95%CI (1.209-4.490] and khat chewing [AOR=4.986, 95%CI (2.567-9.686)] were significantly associated with depression. Similarly presence of conflict with colleagues [AOR=2.46, 95% CI (1.251-4.848)], no job satisfaction [AOR=7.12, 95%CI (3.286-15.445)] and khat chewing [AOR=2.94, 95% CI (1.524-5.660)] were significantly associated with anxiety. Being widowed [AOR=7.46, 95% CI (1.110-50.147)], female [AOR=2.72, 95%CI (1.397-5.283), no job satisfaction [AOR=6.69, 95%CI (3.455-12.970)], khat chewing [AOR=2.78, 95%CI (1.487-5.211)] and presence of conflict with colleagues [AOR=2.93, 95%CI (1.570-5.463)] were significantly associated with stress. Conclusion-The finding of this study demonstrated that depression, anxiety and stress were moderate health problems of University and hospital staff. Being female, widowed, khat chewing, conflict with colleagues, low job satisfaction could be the potential risk factors for those problems. Avoiding of risk factors and improving depression, anxiety and stress screening practice is recommended.