Prevalence, Severity & Associated Factors of Sleep Quality Among Adults in Jimma Town, Southwest Ethiopia: A Community Based Cross-Sectional Study.

Abstract

Background: Estimated 150 million people worldwide and nearly 17% of the populations in the developing nations are currently suffering from sleep problems. In Ethiopia, the magnitude of this problem was not identified entailing the need for study. Objectives: The main aim of the present study was to determine magnitude, severity & associated factors of sleep quality among adults. Method: A community based cross-sectional study was conducted in Jimma town, Southwest Ethiopia in Jimma 2016. Population proportional to size and random sampling procedures were used to enroll 422 sampled respondents in to the study. Data were collected by trained enumerators using validated & pretested Pittsburg Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) and Insomnia Severity Index (ISI), entered into EpiData and analyzed using SPSS Version 20 for Windows. Frequency, percentages, mean with standard deviation, bivariable (at p-value<0.25) & multi-variable (at p<0.05) logistic regression procedures at 95% confidence interval were used to characterize sleep quality and other variables. Result: The overall prevalence of poor sleep quality (PSQI score >5) was 65.4% with higher proportion among males 79(63.0%) and 40-49 years age groups 174(28.6%). From poor sleepers only 11(4.0%) were identified to have severe insomnia (ISI score ≥14). A multivariable logistic regression analysis indicated that age category of 40-49 years AOR=2 [95% CI (1.1, 3.6) ] , (p= 0.03), monthly income ≤ 1000 ETB AOR= 2.2 [95% CI (14, 3.5) ] , (p=0.01), current khat chewing AOR=1.8 [95% CI (1.1, 3.1) ], (p=0.03), daily khat chewing AOR= 3.4 [95% CI (1.2, 11.1) ] , (p=0.04) and obesity AOR=1.2 [95% CI (1.3, 2.5)] , (p=0.03) were identified risk factors of poor sleep quality. Conclusion: There was high proportion of poor sleep quality in the study community. Age of 40-49 years, low income, khat chewing and obesity were identified as risk factors of poor sleep quality. Therefore, the concerned steak holders should work towards poverty reduction, create awareness for weight reduction and develop legislation for khat control.