Synthesis and Characterization of Nano-cellulose from Bamboo for Nanocomposite Application

Abstract

Recently, nanocomposite has played an important role by giving numerous applications that may solve real-world problems and help society. The development of environmentally sustainable materials composed of lignocelluloses biomass, which comprises cellulose, hemicelluloses, and lignin has attracted a lot of interest because of petroleum-based resources and their accompanying environmental issues. Nonrenewable polymeric materials, such as plastics, are not biodegradable when discarded, posing an environmental hazard. As a result, there is a demand for ecologically friendly and resource-efficient goods such as bio-composites. The purpose of this work was to assess the potential usefulness of bamboo for the manufacture of nano-biocomposites using polyvinyl alcohol as a reinforcing ingredient. The nanocellulose particles were synthesized from the high-land bamboo plant species (Arundinaria Alpina) using acid hydrolysis. The chemical composition, particle size, and crystallinity of the particles were studied using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, dynamic light scattering, and X ray diffraction. The influence of reaction time, temperature, and acid concentration on nanocellulose yield was optimized by using Respon se Surface Methodology with corresponding results of 60 minute, 40℃, and 61.404wt% respectiv ely and the nanocellulose yield obtained at optimum parameter was 43.155%. The functional gro up structure of the nanocellulose could be confirmed by analyses of Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The average particle size was 106.5 nm with a poly-dispersity index of 0.0632. The crystallinity index of bamboo, nanocellulose and average crystallite size was 44.60%, 74.0% and, 35.20nm, respectively. Following that, the Nanocellulose/Polyvinyl alcohol composite was prepared using the solvent casting method, and the thermal stability of the composite was analyz ed using Thermogravimetry analyzer of PVA reinforced with 6wt% NC shows a high weight loss of 80.56 % of its total weight occurred at a temperature range between 290.782 °C to 380.207°C as well as water absorption capacity and mechanical properties such as tensile strength and elongation at break were studied. Different ratios of nanocellulose loading were used to see the effects of nanocellulose loading on the properties of polyvinyl alcohol. Therefore, according to the findings, bamboo is the alternative lignocellulosic material for generating nanocellulose for nanocomposite applications.