Abstract:
Wireless sensor networks find applications everywhere in day to day activities right from attendance entry systems to healthcare
monitoring systems. The evolution of the Internet of Things (IoT) as the Internet of Everything (IoET) makes the wireless sensor
network omnipresent and increases the use of Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) for the proper identification of devices and
sensor nodes which are mostly battery operated. As technology evolves, security threats also increase rapidly. This mandates a
strong and energy-efficient green solution. This work attempted to address these issues by effectively deploying the lightweight
encryption scheme called Extended Tiny Encryption Algorithm (XTEA). Though the XTEA is lightweight and famous, it is
commonly known for various attacks. Our work patches the security threats in the XTEA by applying domain-specific
customization, random number utilization, and undisclosed key renewal techniques. Two custom Renovated XTEA Mutual
Authentication Protocol (RXMAP) encoder architectures, namely, RXMAP-1 and RXMAP-2, are proposed based on the
replacement of accurate computational blocks with approximate blocks. The proposed RXMAP protocol is evaluated for its
computational and storage overhead and verified against various security threats using BAN logic formal verification and
informal verification. The proposed encoder architectures are simulated for functional verification, and ASIC implementation
is done with a 132 nm process node. ASIC implementation results show that the proposed designs RXMAP-1 and RXMAP-2
occupy 53.11% and 53.31% lesser area compared to XTEA I and 52.97% and 53.18% lesser area compared to XTEA II
implementation. The total power consumed by the proposed encoder architectures RXMAP-1 and RXMAP-2 is 68.76% and
71.64% lesser than XTEA II implementation, respectively, while maintaining the equal throughput.
