An Adaptive Routing For Energy Constrained Disaster Area Networks Using Delay Tolerant Networks

Abstract

Disaster is environmental phenomena like earthquake, volcanic eruption, flood, fire accident, etc. It may not only cause death and injury, but also the destruction of communities and sometimes entire nations. Disaster response network refers to a range of activities considered to maintain control over disaster situations, providing the rescue and assistance equipment for helping victims and reducing its impact. In this work our concern is the importance of DTN (delay tolerant network) in disaster response network. The existing routing mechanism for emergency data forwarding in intermittently connected/challenged networks are based on probabilistic calculations from the past, with no information about the current contexts of nodes and without considering multi-metrics in combination in DTN routing mechanisms. This thesis presents resource efficient routing mechanism for disaster scenario using disruption/delay tolerant networks whose objective is to minimize resource consumption especially energy constraint on communication. In short the new approach has three very important features. These are exploiting mobile nodes' context, use of a priority mechanism based on usefulness of message which allows allocating more resources for most useful messages and messages are replicated in the order of usefulness and message broadcasting area restriction. The routing mechanism has been implemented in the Opportunistic Networks Environment (ONE) simulator with map based mobility models. The scheme simulated using a mobility model that reflects recurrence in disaster scenarios and compares our results to previous DTN routing mechanism for efficiency. The evaluation shows that the new proposed routing mechanism reduces the resource consumption over previous mechanisms while maintaining a comparable increase in delivery ratio at the small latency and overhead from which we can conclude that the energy consumption by nodes reduced.