Magnitude, patient awareness, and associated Factors of chronic kidney disease among Medical ward admitted patients in wolkite University specialized hospital, south nation, Nationalities and people, ethiopia

Abstract

Background Kidneys are vital organs that play a vital role in maintaining an optimum internal environment. This normal kidney function can be altered by physical injury or disease. Currently, chronic kidney disease (CKD) is an increasing major health problem worldwide. In 2017, it was ranked as the 12 th leading cause of death and is expected to rise to the 5 th ranked cause of death by 2040. Therefore, early detection, understanding of patients' awareness and treatment of CKD are required to hold the problem. However, despite its higher prevalence of hospitalized morbidity and mortality, little is known about the magnitude and risk factor of CKD in Ethiopian hospitalized patients, especially in the study area. Hence this study aims to determine the magnitude, awareness, and associated factors of CKD. Objective: To determine the magnitude, patient awareness, and associated factors of CKD among medical ward admitted adult patients in Wolkite University specialized teaching hospital (WKUSTH) from November 15, 2021 to February 28, 2022. Method: Institutional based cross-sectional study was conducted from November 15, 2021 to February 28, 2022 at WKUSTH . 345 medical ward admitted patients were selected by a convenient sampling technique. Creatinine and urea were measured using cobas311 chemistry analyzer and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) was calculated using Modification of Diet in Renal Disease (MDRD) formula. CKD was defined as eGFR<60 ml/min/1.73m 2 . Socio-demographic, clinical, and patient awareness data were collected by using a pretested questionnaire. To determine associated factors, bivariate and multivariable analysis was conducted. Results: Of the total 345 study participants, 51.01% were males and the mean age was 51.64 ± 17.73 years and 54 (15.7%) (95% CI: 11.6%–19.4%) of them had CKD. Only 91(26.38%) of them had good knowledge about CKD. In multivariable analysis, older age (AOR 3.87, 95% CI; 1.56, 9.60), hypertension (AOR 8.38, 95% CI; 3.60, 19.51), DM (AOR 5.94, 95% CI; 2.17, 16.27), high BMI (AOR 4.20, 95% CI; 1.74, 10.12), and proteinuria (AOR 2.82, 95% CI; 1.17, 6.79) were independently associated with CKD. Conclusions The magnitude of CKD among adult patients admitted to a medical ward of WKUSTH was high and Patients have low level of knowledge about CKD. Patient education, early detection of CKD, might help to prevent complications.