Abstract:
Variation is inevitable in construction projects due to the complex nature of the
construction industry. It is common in all types of construction projects and it determines
the time limits and anticipated budget of the projects. Variation order is observed as one
of the most frequently occurring issues in construction projects in Ethiopia.
This study investigated the variation orders on public building projects at Jimma
University. The study is to identify the main causes of construction variation orders in
public building construction projects in Jimma University; to assess the impact of
construction variation orders on public building construction projects in Jimma
University; and evaluate the positive and negative impacts of variation order on each
sector and forward recommendations to effectively control and manage construction
variation orders. This research relied mainly on analytical descriptive methodologies.
Furthermore, the questionnaire was designed in the light of the literature review and
tested by a pilot study, and then it is applied to a sample of 9 contracting in Jimma
University. The collected data is manipulated by Excel and SPSS software using many
statistical tools such as frequencies, mean score, Cronbach's alpha, relative importance
index, and correlation coefficient tests.
The results indicated that change of plans or scope, inadequate shop drawing details,
and ambiguous design details were the most causes of variation orders. The results also
showed that increase in project cost, increase in overhead expenses, and delay in
payment were the most impact of variation orders. The findings also suggested the most
recommended strategies to minimize variation orders. These strategies were to produce a
concluding design and contract document, to complete drawings at tender stage, and to
supervise the works with experienced and dedicated supervisor to minimize variation
orders on public building projects
