Synthesis and Optimization of Biodiesel from Bracissa Carinata A.Braun Seed by using Calcium Oxide as Catalyst

Abstract

Biodiesel is simply the monoalkyl esters of vegetable oils, animal fats, or cooking grease .The majority of energy demand is met by conventional fuels, but they are depleting at an alarming rate. However, researchers have only focused on energy source production which has resulted in developing high erucic acid varieties. This results partly in limited studies on synthesis of biodiesel from Bracissa Carinata A.Braun. The adoption and scaling-up of this promising crop as an oilseed crop in developing countries and Mediterranean conditions can sustain the impact of climate change with the demand for food and energy debate concepts. This study paper assesses the seed of Bracissa Carinata A.Braun was utilized for characterization, optimization, fatty acid composition analysis of the seed and oil extraction. The Gomenzer seed was extracted by using normal hexane (62—78°C) by Soxhlet apparatus.The result showed that the seed kernels consisted of: 12% (w/w) oil, moisture. After optimization using Design-Expert has been carried out, optimal conditions of temperature (70-80℃), methanol to oil ratio (12:1), and (1:3) catalyst concentration have been obtained and an oil yield of 97.65% by wt. was found. After the optimum values have been obtained, an experiment has been conducted and an oil yield of 98.166% by wt. was found which is closely in agreement with the result obtained from the model and the experimental observation and hence validated the findings of the optimization. Physicochemical characterization of the optimized oil yield revealed that it has the following most important properties: moisture (0.154% w/w), kinematic viscosity (40.8116mm2) at 40℃, specific gravity (196) at 40℃, density (882.1kg/m3) at 40℃, free fatty acid value (0.00123 % by wt.), saponification value (182.325 mg KOH g-1 oil), iodine value (84.389 g I2/100 g), From the Gas chromatography analysis result of Gomenzer oil showed that the presence of the following major fatty acids: Erucic acid (0.360%),Palmitic acid (0.0171%), Oleic acid(0.393%),Stearic acid(0.0222%),Linoleic acid (1.339%), Linolenic acid (0.104%), Myristic acid (2.257%).Generally this Paper presents the results of an engine test, characterization of Gomenzer seed, optimization of biodiesel with Physicochemical characterization of the optimized oil yield . Therefore biodiesel can use as an alternative fuel for diesel engine .The diesel-biodiesel fuel can improve combustion and emission characteristics of diesel engine