Device for remote and realtime monitoring of neonatal vital signs in neonatal intensive care unit using internet of things: proof-of-concept study

Abstract

Background Realtime and remote monitoring of neonatal vital signs is a crucial part of providing appropriate care in neo natal intensive care units (NICU) to reduce mortality and morbidity of newborns. In this study, a new approach, a device for remote and real-time monitoring of neonatal vital signs (DRRMNVS) in the neonatal intensive care unit using the internet of things (IoT), was proposed. The system integrates four vital signs: oxygen saturation, pulse rate, body temperature and respiration rate for continuous monitoring using the Blynk app and ThingSpeak IoT platforms. Methods The Wemos D1 mini, a Wi-Fi microcontroller, was used to acquire the four biological biomarkers from sensors, process them and display the result on an OLED display for point of care monitoring and on the Blynk app and ThingSpeak for remote and continuous monitoring of vital signs. The Bland-Altman test was employed to test the agreement of DRRM NVS measurement with reference standards by taking measurements from ten healthy adults. Results The prototype of the proposed device was successfully developed and tested. Bias [limits of agreement] were: Oxy gen saturation (SpO2): -0.1 [−1.546 to +1.346] %; pulse rate: -0.3 [−2.159 to +1.559] bpm; respiratory rate: -0.7 [−0.247 to +1.647] breaths/min; temperature: 0.21 [+0.015˚C to +0.405˚C] ˚C. The proof-of-concept prototype was developed for $33.19. Conclusion The developed DRRMNVS device was cheap and had acceptable measurement accuracy of vital signs in a con trolled environment. The system has the potential to advance healthcare service delivery for neonates with further develop ment from this proof-of-concept level.