Effect of methanolic leaf extract of calpurnia aurea (digita) in isoniazid and rifampicin induced hepatotoxicity In mice

Abstract

Background: Globally, liver disease is the leading cause of death and 50% of liver failure is caused by drug-induced liver damage. Hepatotoxicity attributed with anti-TB drugs accounts 5– 34.9% TB patients. Many drugs and other therapies are applied to treat liver disease, but the efficiency and side effect of those drugs are the other burden. Traditionally C.aurea is used to treat liver disease in different part of Ethiopia. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of methanolic leaf extracts of C. aurea in INH -RIF induced hepatotoxicity in mice. Methods: From both sexes 30 mice were randomly divided into six groups. G-I treated with 1mL of normal saline, G-II administered INH 100mg/kg - RIF 100mg/kg, G-III treated with 100mg/kg Silymarin and INH-RIF, G-IV given C. aurea 200mg/kg and INH -RIF, G-V treated with C. aurea 400mg/kg and INH- RIF and G-VI given 600mg/kg of C. aurea extract with INH -RIF per day for 21 days. Mice were fasted for 12 hours on 21 th day and anesthetized by ketamine/xylazine. Then blood sample were taken to determine serum level of liver enzymes, total bilirubin and albumin; whereas liver was taken for histopathological investigation. Data were entered into epidata and exported to SPSS for analysis. Statistical comparisons among groups were done by one way ANOVA followed by Tukey's test at P< 0.05 and expressed as mean ± SD. Result: G-II mice showed elevated serum levels of liver enzymes and TBIL with lower albumin levels than G-I mice. G-V mice (400mg/kg C.aurea extract) showed significant decrease in ALT, AST, ALP, TBIL and increase in albumin which is comparable to Silymarin group; whereas G- IV & G-VI shows insignificant reduction in LFT parameters as compared to G-II. The liver sections of G-II mice displayed lobular lymphocytic inflammation, necrosis, hepatocellular & canalicular cholestasis, sinusoidal dilatation, and vacuolar degeneration, while these deformities and abnormalities were not seen in G-V mice. Conclusion and Recommendation: According to findings C.aurea extract showed good hepatoprotective potential against INH-RIF-induced liver injury. For other researchers recommended conducting more studies on hepatoprotective effect of C.aurea on different models.