Impairments of follicle stimulating, luteinizing and Prolactin hormones and infertility incidence rate Among infertility complaints visited in the public Hospitals of jimma town: a cross-sectional study

Abstract

Background: Infertility is inability to conceive after a year of unprotected sexual intercourse. Although it is highly increasing all over the world, too little attention is given on its diagnosis and prevention in Ethiopia. Therefore, this study aimed to determine impairments of follicle stimulating, luteinizing and prolactin hormones and infertility incidence rate among infertility complaints visited in the public hospitals of Jimma town. Methods: An institution based cross-sectional study design was carried out on 162 infertility complaints visited the JMC and SGGH from November 21/2022 to January 21/2023. The data were entered into Epi Data version 3.1 and exported to SPSS version 25 for analysis. The descriptive statistics was applied to calculate magnitudes of hormonal impairments and infertility incidence rate. The logistic regression analysis was performed to see the association between independent and dependent variables at p<0.05 and 95% CI. Results: Out of 162 study participants, FSH, LH and PRL impairments were 46.2%, 43.8% and 29.6% respectively. Based on these biomarkers, infertility incidence rate was 25.9%. In the adjusted model age more than 30 years (AOR=2.33, 95% CI: 1.05-5.15, p=0.04), alcohol consumer (AOR=2.96, 95% CI: 1.36-6.46, p=0.006) and cigarette smoking (AOR=3.27, 95% CI: 1.16-9.19, p=0.001) were predictors of the FSH impairments. Alcohol consuming (AOR=3.94, 95% CI: 1.69-9.16, p=0.001), cigarette smoking (AOR=3.89, 95% CI: 1.31-11.5, p=0.01), diabetes mellitus (AOR=3.46, 95% CI: 1.22-9.8, p=0.02), hypertension (AOR=2.88, 95% CI: 1.24-6.7, p=0.01) and BMI above 25 kg/m2 (AOR=5.36, 95% CI: 2.03-14.2, p=0.001) were positively associated with the occurrence of LH impairment. Sex (AOR=3.23, 95% CI: 1.39- 7.54, p=0.007) and CKD (AOR=6, 95% CI: 1.5-23, p=0.01) were associated with PRL impairment. Age above 30 years (AOR=2.96, 95% CI: 1.12-7.9, p=0.03), alcohol consuming (AOR=3.04, 95% CI: 1.13-8.13, p= 0.03), cigarette smoking (AOR=2.2, 95% CI: 0.77-6.1, p<0.001), DM (AOR=6.54, 95% CI: 2.27-18.9, p=0.001), HTN (AOR=5.26, 95% CI: 2.21-12.5, p<0.001) and BMI greater than 25 kg/m2 (AOR=7.72, 95% CI: 2.33-25.6, p=0.001) were associated with infertility incidence rate. Conclusion: The magnitudes of FSH, LH and PRL impairments were about forty six, forty four and thirty respectively among infertility complaints. The infertility incidence was almost twenty six percent. Age of the couples, alcohol consumption, cigarette smoking, DM, HTN and BMI were significantly associated with infertility incidence rate, FSH and/or LH impairments.