Sustainable green biogas production from pretreated wheat straw blended with cofee husk using neem leaves‑based iron (III) nanocatalyst via response surface methodology

Abstract

The present study investigated the enhancement of wheat straw and cofee husk waste used as a biogas source for energy production using iron nanocatalysts from neem leaf extract. In line with this the synthesized neem leaves extract of Iron nano catalyst was characterized for the morphological and functional group. To achieve this, thermal acid pretreatment was carried out using equal proportions of blended wheat straw with cofee husks and subjected to the anaerobic digester with 0.3 g/L of neem leave extract Fe–O nanocatalyst to improve biogas production. The infu ence of temperature, the concentration of Sulfuric acid, and cooking time during the pretreatment to improve biogas yield was investigated. Response surface meth odology of Box–Behnken Design (BBD) during the thermochemical pretreatment is employed. The biomass was pretreated at 160 °C temperatures, 3% concentration of sulfuric acid, and 30 min of cooking time. The highest cumulative biogas and biomethane obtained from the biomass were 764 mL/g and 460 mL/g Volatile solid. Augmentation of neem leaves extract of Iron nanocatalyst enhanced the methane gas yield with volatile solids up to 89.5%. Therefore, the use of pretreatment for the catalysis of lignocellulose substrates is advantageous for the creation of a process that is both economical and environmentally friendly. The produced biogas energy could be used as a substitute for fossil fuels for various purposes while mitigating important environmental pollution problems and enhancing sustainable energy uti lization. In considering ‘waste to energy’ for the production of sustainable energy from waste and fulflling the energy demand is possible.