Abstract:
This is astudyreportofrareearthHolmiumionadditiveBariumStrontiumSodium
Niobate (Ba(1.6−3/2X)Sr2.4Na2Nb10O30 : xHo3+) tungsten bronze structured ferro
electrics nanomaterial by conventional solid state reaction routes using Barium
Carbonate (BaCO3), Strontium carbonate (SrCO3), Sodium Carbonate (Na2CO3)
99.90% NICE, and Niobium Oxide (Nb2O5) and Holmium oxide (Ho2O3) 99.99%
Sigma-Aldrichasstartingmaterialsundernormalstoichiometricratiosynthesisap
proach. The X-ray diffraction (XRD), the scanning electron spectroscopy (SEM),
energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy (EDS) and Fourier transform- infrared spec
troscopy (FTIR) were used to study the structure, surface morphology/ microstruc
ture, elemental composition/mapping and finger print functional groups identifi
cation respectively. The XRD pattern revealed Tetragonal Tungsten Bronze struc
tured crystallite phase that best match with the JCPDS card number-00-039-1453
having space group of p4bm and lattice parameters of a = 12.33 ˚A, b = 12.33 ˚A
and c = 3.93 ˚A. The average crystallite size of the synthesized sample obtained
at the prominent peak (311) for position/2θ=32.320 is 67.52 nm. The SEM images
showedthat surface microstructures have random and nearly uniform distribution
of nanoparticles with different shapes and size on the surface. It is also nearly non
porous surface microstructure that is promising for enhancing optical properties
havingmoreparticlesonthesurface. EDSanalysisconfirmedthepresenceofallthe
constituent elements with their proportional ratios of Wt.% and At %. EDS experi
mental results best fit with theoretically calculated values. For the pure metal oxide
the FTIR results showed the bond vibration mode at wavenumber of 540.60 cm−1,
having only single collective metal oxide intense peak without impurities. When
Ho3+ or (ions) with concentration of 0.05 and 0.10 % added additional peaks was
observed at 429.92 cm−1 and 415.77 cm−1 respectively; confirming the existence of
Ho-Obondvibration modes.
