Abstract:
Introduction: The widespread use of digital devices like computers and smartphones has
increased Digital Eye Strain (DES), particularly among students. DES is associated with
prolonged device use, poor ergonomics, inadequate screen settings, multitasking, varying
lighting conditions, and lack of breaks. This condition can affect vision, academic
performance, and overall well-being.
Objectives: To assess the prevalence of digital eye strain and its associated factors among
regular undergraduate students of Wolaita Sodo University, Wolaita Sodo, South Ethiopia.
Methodology: An institution-based cross-sectional study was conducted from October to
December 2024 at Wolaita Soddo University among regular undergraduate students. Data
were collected using a self-administered structured questionnaire, entered into Epi Data
version 3.1, and analyzed using SPSS version 26. Descriptive statistics like frequency, mean,
standard deviation, percentage, and proportion were computed. Bivariate and multivariate
logistic regression analysis was performed to identify the factors associated with digital eye
strain. Adjusted odds ratio (AOR) with 95% CI and p-value <0.05 were used to determine the
level of significant association.
Results: Of the 422 students, 267 (63.3%) were male. Most (95%) reported using digital
devices for more than 5 hours daily, 75% used multiple devices, 42% adjusted screen
brightness, 17% were aware of the 20-20-20 rule, and 30.6% used blue light filters. The
prevalence was 79.6%. Factors significantly associated with DES included the use of multiple
digital devices (AOR = 5.21, 95% CI: 2.68–10.11), more than 5hrs spent per day on digital
devices (AOR = 3.89, 95% CI: 1.07–14.10), lack of protective eyewear (AOR = 6.46, 95%
CI: 3.33–12.52), failure to adjust screen brightness (AOR = 3.9, 95% CI: 2.09–7.32), lack of
knowledge of the 20-20-20 rule (AOR = 5.77, 95% CI: 2.81–11.82), and not using blue light
filters (AOR = 3.15, 95% CI: 1.69–5.83) (p < 0.05).
Conclusion and recommendation:
The study found a DES prevalence of 79.6% and identified factors including prolonged screen
time (>5hr/d), multiple device usage, and inadequate eye care practices. To reduce DES,
students should limit screen time, use the 20-20-20 rule, wear protective eyewear, and adjust
brightness. The university should implement awareness campaigns on DES prevention
