A Performance Optimization of VANET Communications by Integrating UAV System with LTE/4G and WAVE Technologies

Abstract

With the bulky intensification of conventional vehicles on roads presently, driving has become more challenging and dangerous issue. Roads are filled up with vehicles, safety distance and acceptable speeds are rarely obeyed to, and travelers frequently lack sufficient concentration. As such, leading automobile fabricators to cooperatively work with government administrations to come out with pretty solutions geared toward helping travelers on highways by anticipating dangerous scenario or abstain from severe traffic areas. Hence, Vehicular communication systems have come to existence. Vehicular communication systems are networks in which WAVE-enabled vehicles and roadside units are the major interactive nodes, offering each other with info, for instance, traffic information and safety warning systems. Besides, there are two basic kinds of communication approaches, V2V and V2I respectively. Even though, both approaches have their own constraints within various scenarios. For instance, a direct V2V communication in highway scenario, to broadcast a delay-sensitive information such traffic accident warnings, it has entirely depended on the sparseness and swiftness of smart ground vehicles. Thus, it will be difficult to achieve the goal of safety applications due to intermittent connectivity. Additionally, each vehicle periodically broadcasts a beacon or Hello message to each other that used to exchange their current states and surrounding info, consequently this, they have consumed a bandwidth from the limited VANETs spectrum (75 MHz). Whereas, V2I communication in urban and highway scenarios, the effectiveness of the communication between smart ground vehicles and roadside infrastructures mostly depends on the capability of roadside infrastructures. Therefore, it will be expected from VANETs technologists and authors to bring out pretty solutions for improvement of VANET communications and applications incorporate with the existing ones. In this thesis, based on reviewed the various literature and related works, I selected and integrated UAV System, LTE/4G and WAVE wireless access network technologies to optimize the VANET communications and satisfy the demands of its basic applications, particularly safety and traffic. This work proposed an integrated novel architecture of UAV System, LTE/4G and WAVE technologies with its forwarding schemes in highway scenario to enhance the VANET communications and achieve the requirements of its basic applications, particularly safety and traffic. Algorithms for UAV’s sensing, tagging (based on the proposed safety and traffic info model) and broadcasting operations, and forwarding of safety or traffic info to respective infrastructures and then smart ground vehicles are designed, particularly to minimize intermittent connectivity and bandwidth usage, and as well as to satisfy the requirements of VANET applications. I have evaluated the performance of the integrated novel architecture with its forwarding schemes/algorithms through integrated and simulated VANETs and wireless access technologies (LTE/4G and UAV System) environment. Within 12 smart ground vehicles, simulation experiment shows that the proposed integrated architecture with its forwarding schemes results is 66% packet delivery ratio, 0.0193086 seconds mean delay, and 10.3705Mbps throughput, whereas existing work results is 40% packet delivery ratio, 0.0435663 seconds mean delay and 2.49405Mbps throughput. Hence, deploying the integrated architecture of UAV System, LTE/4G, and WAVE with its forwarding schemes in highway scenario enhances the VANET communications and satisfies the requirements of safety and traffic applications.