Abstract:
Background: Depression is a significant contributor to the global burden of disease and
affects people in all communities across the world as a result it is one of the leading
causes of disability worldwide. Today, depression is estimated to affect 350 million
people. The aim of this study was to determine and comparing risk factors of depression
at different residence in GGFRC population.
Methods: A comparative Cross-sectional study was carried out using secondary data
identified from a survey conducted between September 2008 to December 2009 from
Gilgel Gibe Field Research Center. Data from 982 urban and 2960 rural individuals were
extracted for the analysis. Data on depression symptom, socio-demographic, behavioral
risk factors and history of chronic diseases was extracted. Prevalence of Depression in
respondents based on ICD-10 criteria was estimated and multiple logistic regression
analyses were carried out to test associations of potential risk factors with depression,
while controlling for potential confounding.
Result: The final sample included 3942 respondents. The prevalence rate of depression
episode in the study population was 6.4%, (6.9% for rural and 4.9% for urban). After
controlling for all socio-demographic and behavioral variable, in urban resident being
female (AOR=2.7, 95% CI: 1.92-9.96), drink alcohol (AOR=2.44, 95% CI:
1.26-4.7),chewing khat (AOR=2.37, 95% CI: 1.2-4.67) and having more than one
CNCDs (AOR=11.59, 95% CI: 3.97-33.82),was significant while in rural females
(AOR=2.85, 95% CI: 2.0-4.0), being older 45-64 years of age (AOR=1.99, 95% CI:
1.49-2.67) monthly income of <1000 (AOR=1.57, 95% CI: 1.06-2.33), drinking alcohol
(AOR=2.65, 95% CI: 1.42-4.9 and khat chewers (AOR=3.1, 95% CI: 2.17-4.3) were
identified to be predictors for depressive episodes.
Conclusion: Sex, alcohol drinking and chat chewing for both residents but, age and
monthly income in rural while only number of diagnosed chronic non communicable
diseases in urban were the most important risk factors for depressive episodes.
Empowering by education and financial capacity of women’s, those having low income
and exposed for khat and alcohol use in both residents will be the primary plan for
government officials and other stakeholders in the local areas.
