Abstract:
Sensor technologies are becoming increasingly important in acquiring information about nearby
environments, and their application in wireless sensor networks is becoming increasingly
prevalent. A large number of sensor nodes that are installed in the field to observe certain events
defines these networks. Due to the limited battery capacity in sensor nodes, energy efficiency is a
major and challenging problem in such power constrained networks. To extend the lifetime of
wireless sensor networks as well as conserving its power, some network parameters have been
considered, which play an important role in the reduction of power consumption. These
parameters are as battery capacity, communication radius, node density and query period. They
have a direct impact on the network’s lifetime. These parameters have to be chosen in such a way
that the network use its energy resources efficiently. To enhance these parameters effectively,
different routing mechanisms are used. Routing has great role in maintaining effective path in
between nodes. There are several routing strategies or route discovery mechanisms. In this thesis,
the energy effective Lightweight On demand Ad hoc Distance Vector next generation (LOADng)
routing mechanisms are discovered by using agglomerative hierarchical algorithms. The routing
processes starting from route discovery to packet transmission were studied. The control messages
used in LOADng protocols such as (RREQ, RREP, RERR, RREP_Ack), generating to forwarding
are briefly examined. Introducing an energy-efficient data forwarding strategy based on node
clustering to improve network stability and lifetime while lowering energy consumption is the
contribution of this work. To achieve this contribution, a special simulation tool that helps in
analyzing the effects of the parameters on sensor network lifetime has been designed and
implemented by NS3 and GNU plot is used for plotting the graph. The results are simulated and
compared in three different metrics such as packet delivery ratio (PDR), Average end to end delay
(EED), Normalized routing overhead.
