Abstract:
Background: - Placenta previa is abnormally placed placenta in the lower uterine
segment, or when it covers the cervix totally. It Complicates 3-5 per 1000 pregnancies
worldwide. It is raising because of increasing cesarean section rates. It is associated with
severe maternal and neonatal morbidity and mortality.
Objective: - The main objective of this study was to assess incidence, contributing factors
and birth outcomes of placenta previa among mothers delivered in Jimma Medical Center
from November 2020 to September, 2021.
Methodology:- A facility based observational matched case-control study design was
employed, Controls are Matched with Cases with Age and Parity. Data was cleaned,
coded, and entered into SPSS version 26.0 statistical software. Descriptive statistics was
used to summarize categorical variables. Bi-variable and Multivariable Logistic
Regression was employed to identify Association between Dependent and Independent
variables. Adjusted Odds ratio (AOR) with 95% confidence intervals and P value < 0.05
was considered statically significant. The results were compiled and presented in tables
and graphs.
Results: - The magnitude of Placenta Previa Observed was 15 in 1000 deliveries. Previous
history of Spontaneous Incomplete Abortion [AOR 11.063; 95% CI: 1.41, 86.816] is
significantly identified risk factor. A need for Blood Transfusion [AOR: 15.699; 95%CI,
4.284, 57.528] , Operation under General Anesthesia [AOR 6.268, 1.741, 22.569] ,
Hospital stay more than 4 days [AOR: 1.019 95%CI 1.007, 1.030] and Anemia with Hg <
11 g/dl [AOR; 8.215 95% CI 2.173, 31.054] are significantly identified maternal
complications and Admission to NICU of newborns of placenta previa [AOR; 10.952
95%CI 1.374, 87.315] is significantly identified neonatal complication with P < 0.05.
Conclusions: Previous History of Spontaneous Incomplete Abortion is significantly
associated risk factors of Placenta Previa. Maternal Complications associated with
Placenta Previa are a Need for Blood Transfusion, Anemia with Hg < 11 g/dl , Exposure
to General Anesthesia and Prolonged Stay at Hospital Before Delivery. Neonatal
complication of Placenta Previa found was increased risk of Admission to NICU
