Abstract:
Background: Anemia is a common and serious complication of chronic kidney disease (CKD) that
starts during the early stage of the disease and worsens as the kidney function deteriorates. It
contributes considerably to reduced quality of life of patients with CKD and has been associated with
a number of adverse clinical outcomes. Early identification and treatment of anemia may improve
cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in CKD patients.
Objective: To determine the prevalence of anemia and associated factors among non-dialysis (ND)
CKD patients in Jimma Medical Center, Southwest Ethiopia.
Methods and participants: An institution based cross sectional study was conducted among 150
CKD patients who were 18 years and above at JMC from September 1 to November 30, 2020 G.C.
Two qualified nurses and one medical resident collected the relevant data through an investigator
administered pretested questionnaire after taking verbal consent of participants. Data were entered
using EPI data manager version 4.6 and analyzed using STATA version 16.0. Bi-variable and
multivariable logistic regression analyses were done to identify independent factors associated with
anemia among CKD patients. Those variables with a P-value <0.2 in the bivariate analysis was
exported to multivariate analysis to control the possible effect of confounders. Adjusted odds ratio
(AOR) with 95%CI and P-value <0.05 was used to select variables associated with anemia in CKD
patients.
Results: Out of 150 ND-CKD patients 128 (85.33%) were anaemic. From 128 anaemic ND-CKD
patients, 40.67% had moderate aniemia, 28.67% had mild form of anemia, and 16% had severe
anemia. Being in the 18-39 years age group (AOR= 4.05, 95% CI: 1.04-15.73) compared to those in
the age group of 40-64 years old, being male (AOR= 4.92, 95% CI: 1.51-16.07), income < 1000 ETB
per month (AOR= 4.13, 95% CI: 1.01-17.04) compared to those with income 1000-5000 ETB a month
were found to have statistically significant association with anemia among CKD patients in Jimma
medical center, Southwest Ethiopia.
Conclusion: High number of ND-CKD patients were had anemia and most had moderate anemia. Age
category of 18-39 years, male patients, and earning less than 1000 birr a month were independently
associated with higher risk of anemia among ND-CKD patients. Further longitudinal studies were
required to establish the causal relations of anemia among this population
