Eco-friendly synthesis of silver nanoparticles using Phyllanthus niruri leaf extract: Assessment of antimicrobial activity, effectiveness on tropical neglected mosquito vector control, and biocompatibility using a fibroblast cell line model

Abstract

Mosquitoes are rapidly advancing as vectors of several severe diseases. The increasing resistance of mos quitoes and the environmental harm caused by insecti cides pose significant challenges for eradicating mosquito vectors. In this study, 18 plant extracts were tested for larvi cidal properties against Aedes aegypti, Culex quinquefas ciatus, andAnopheles stephensi larvae. Phyllanthus niruri (Pn) showed enhanced larvicidal activity in both laboratory.