Abstract:
Wetlands provide critical habitats for a wide range of bird species, playing a significant role in
biodiversity conservation. This study examines the spatial distribution, relative abundance
seasonal variation, and conservation status of wetland birds in Chebera Churchura National
Park, Ethiopia. Five wetlands namely Meqa, Biqamo, Mesfine, Chefe-2, and Chefe-1 were
surveyed in this study. To identify birds along the five wetland habitats, data were collected using
direct observation on a predetermined line transect where all birds seen were recorded Data was
collected during wet seasons (June to July 2024) and dry season from February to March 2024
and November to December 2025 for a total of 40 days (10 days per month for wet and dry
season).
A total of 30 bird species from 13 families were recorded from selected site, with significant
seasonal fluctuations in abundance. The Shannon Diversity Index increased slightly during the
wet season, with Meqa Wetland rising from 3.17 to 3.30, reflecting higher species diversity.
Mean bird abundance also varied significantly, with Meqa Wetland increasing from 7.667
individuals per species in the dry season to 12.167 in the wet season, while Chefe-1 wetland
declined from 5.300 to 3.033. Bird populations increased markedly during the wet season, with
Meqa Wetland rising from 230 to 365 individuals and Biqamo Wetland from 225 to 273, driven
by improved food availability and nesting conditions. In contrast, Chefe-1 wetland showed a
sharp decline from 159 individuals in the dry season to 91 in the wet season, likely due to
localized habitat disturbances. Two Near Threatened species, the migratory Curlew Sandpiper
(Calidris ferruginea) and the near endemic Wattled Ibis (Bostrychia carunculata), were
identified, underscoring the need for targeted conservation efforts. These findings highlight the
ecological importance of wetlands for both resident and migratory birds, emphasizing the need
for habitat protection, community-based conservation, and long-term monitoring to address
threats such as habitat degradation and climate change. The study provides critical insights for
wetland management and avian biodiversity conservation in the study area.
