Indigenous Norm Enforcing Mechanisms of the Oromo: The Case of ‘Qucaa’, ‘Mana Korsiisuu’ and ‘Barbadeessuu’ among the Arsii

Abstract

The main aim of this study is investigating indigenous norm enforcing mechanisms of the Oromo with special emphasis on qucaa mana korsiisuu and barbadeessuu. To this effect, various methods like interview and focus group discussion by which knowledgeable elders were accessed were employed to come across varied and deep information. The Oromo have developed various indigenous mechanisms to enforce norms in order to maintain peace and order each of which work hand in hand with Gadaa system. Gadaa system in Oromo in turn clearly defines the whole gamut of relationships by which human interactions are framed. The daily livelihood, mode of subsistence marriage customs, cultural institutions and genealogy of Arsii Oromo therefore needs to be addressed before dealing with these mechanisms of peace maintenance. Similarly social structure of Arsii Oromo plays a pivotal role in identifying, executing and integrating the offenders. All norm enforcing mechanisms (physical punishments in this case) have their own process and ritual of re-integration. Norms vary from culture to culture; the mechanisms of enforcing them too are diversified. Severe physical punishments are carried out after repeated trial of correcting the behavior of the wrongdoers. These harsh chastisements are concluded by rituals of reintegration by which offenders are believed to be harmonious with the entire society as well as the creator. In general the study has shown that if politely harnessed and modified these mechanisms are helpful in bringing peace which is the base for the survival of the community members.