Assessing Water Supply Coverage And Loss Estimation In Distribution System: A Case Study On Adama City

Abstract

Losses in water distribution system is an important issue that could affect water companies and their consumers worldwide. Losses could be caused by various factors and be considered as the amount of potable water loss from a supply source in transmission and distribution system. The need to manage water loss in pipe networks of most municipalities became urgent in recent years due to water shortages. The aim of this study was estimation of the water supply coverage of Adama City and total water loss in the distribution system. Surveys, key informant interviews, focus group discussion, and direct observation was used to triangulate the findings of the quantitative survey. The sampling techniques was utilized by clustered and software such as WaterCADV8i and GIS map10 to analysis. SPSS software was also used to analysis primary data. The study was carried out in nine Kebele and the population which water used in current 245,000 and the study would identify and analysis the water supply coverage and total water loss in distribution system in Adama City. The finding of this study showed that water supply coverage and water loss in Adama estimated in the order of 70% and 24.7% respectively. The coverage of the city water supply declines over time from 2009-2013. However, floating population who shares from the daily water proceed, additional number of University and college students, hospitals, and health centers contributed to the water shortage of the city. In 2014 water supply coverage were increases comparing with 2013, because drilling five different boreholes to be utilized the coverage. The water loss trend of the city was fluctuated from year to year. This could be due to road, and starhotels construction in Adama and breakage of pipes was occurred, and this maximized water loss. Water loss was increases in 2014 comparing with 2013 because expansion of construction. This study found out average per capita consumption was much lower as compared with some water supply standards. Uneven distribution of water and the spatial distribution of the pipe network system do not satisfy the demand of the public. The water loss in Adama city was intermediate and loss was increase and decrease, depending on time of construction and awareness creation between people. Recommendations on better water supply coverage and water loss management for Adama would be operation and maintenance strategy, drilling additional borehole and Proper sized pipes during the implementation of the project.