Water supply coverage and water loss in water Distribution system:-the case of chancho town, oromia, Ethiopia

Abstract

Problems in provision of adequate water supply to the rapidly growing urban population in developing countries are increasing dramatically. Losses could be caused by various factors and be considered as the amount of potable water loss from a supply source in transmission and distribution system. The need to manage water loss in pipe networks of most municipalities became urgent in recent years due to water shortages. The main objective of this study was to evaluate the water supply coverage and explore water loss in the distribution system of Chancho Town. Surveys, unstructured interviews, focus group discussion, and observation was used to triangulate the findings of the quantitative survey. Software such as WaterCAD6.5 and GIS map10 to be used for analysis. The study was carried out in Chancho Town and the population is 26,745 and the study would identify and analysis the water supply coverage and total water loss in distribution system in Chancho Town. The finding of this study showed that water supply coverage and water loss in Chancho town are 56% and 22.16% respectively. The coverage of the town water supply declines as time goes on from 2011-2015G.C. However, floating population who shares from the daily water proceed, for hospitals, hotels and health centers contributed to the water shortage of the town. In 2013 and 2015 water supply coverage was higher comparing with 2012. Drilling two different boreholes in each year to be utilized the coverage. The water loss trend of the town was fluctuating from year to year. This could be due to road, and hotels construction in Chancho Town and breakage of pipes was occurred, and this maximized water loss. Water loss was increases in 2014 comparing with 2015 because expansion of construction started. This study found out average per capita consumption was much lower as compared with some water supply standards. Uneven distribution of water and the spatial distribution of the pipe network system do not satisfy the demand of the public. The water loss in Chancho Town was intermediate and loss was increase and decrease, depending on time of construction.