Emergency Message Dissemination in Region of Interest Using Clustering Technique Scheme to Reduce Broadcast Storm in VANET

Abstract

Wireless communication has various effects on day-to-day living because of the great advances made in this field, which have made our lives easier and more comfortable. One of these advancements has appeared in vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) which has advantages such as: reducing vehicle accidents, minimizing traffic jams, and also it can assist drivers in traveling more safely and efficiently. This vehicular communication is often referred to as vehicular ad hoc networks (VANET). Although the development of transport systems contributes to more convenient travel, more complicated road networks and larger amounts of vehicles also lead to high traffic density which resulted in communication congestion. This communication congestion leads to several problems, from which effectively disseminating emergency messages is a major issue. The dissemination of such safety messages using traditional approaches like flooding, and simple broadcast especially in dense traffic scenarios can lead to broadcast storm problems since all the recipients have an equal right to rebroadcast the messages and the vehicles receive multiple copies of the same messages in the traditional disseminating approaches. Clustering vehicle is the best solution to address these problems, where safety messages can be retransmitted to the adjacent clusters only by the small number of vehicles that important in minimizing unnecessary retransmission of the emergency message. The clustering approach also can answer major challenges like broadcast storm problems, and packet collision. In this case, selecting a cluster head is the most important issue in delivering an emergency message to address the mentioned above problems and minimize the number of forwarders. In this regard we propose a cluster-based approach emergency message dissemination scheme in the region of interest to reduce the number of a forwarder in disseminating EM to deal with the problem with broadcast storm problem so that only the CH is responsible to rebroadcast EM in the region of interest. For the selection of head vehicles, we used lane id, distance, and relative speed parameters. We perform a simulation of the new proposed scheme after implementing the designed algorithm using simulation tools such as OMNET++, VEINS, and SUMO. The simulation result shows that the new proposed scheme has better performance in terms of minimizing the broadcast storm problems.