Abstract:
Vehicular Ad hoc Networks (VANETs) are infrastructure less wireless networks in which the
communication is achieved through the Dedicated Short Range Communication (DSRC)
protocol in a single or multi-hop communication mode. Due to the self-configurable nature and
lack of central management, vehicular ad hoc network is vulnerable to different types of
malicious attacks. From these types of malicious attack, black hole attack is one of the serious
security threat that can degrades the network performance by dropping or abusing captured
data without sending it to the right destination. Black hole attack work by delivering fake routing
information while claiming to have the best route to the target location. This study focuses on
detecting and preventing data packet from dropping due to malicious nodes, which are black
hole attacks. To overcome these security challenges different researchers have developed
different algorithms. In this paper, we developed a mechanism called average waiting time
algorithm, to detect and prevent black hole attack in VANET. The algorithm detects a s well as
prevents black holes. In our proposed scheme before broadcasting the RREQ the source node
calculates the average waiting time to wait for another RREP if the one RREP reaches the
source node before the average waiting time expires, this is the detection scheme. Then based on
the detection scheme, using false routing information the malicious node is isolated from the
network. The proposed work is implemented and tested using the Network Simulation version
2.35. We use packet delivery ratio, throughput, end-to-end delay, and detection rate as a
performance metrics. The simulation result showed that our proposed approach enhances the
packet delivery ratio in 82%, throughput in 260 ms, detection rate by 91 %, and minimize the
end-to-end delay in 260 ms with the node number of 90 and malicious node number of 10. From
the simulation result we can conclude that the proposed approach is better in all scheme.
