Isolation, Antimicrobial Use Intensity and Resistance Profile of Escherichia coliand Salmonellain Dairy Farms in Selected Districts of Western Oromia, Ethiopia

Abstract

Escherichia coli and Salmonella species that were distributed widely contribute to risein resistance to various antibiotics used commercially with problem to health as uses of antimicrobials have critical importance for emergence of resistance bacteria.A cross-sectional study was conducted from November 2018 to December 2019 to assess prevalence and antibiotic resistance profile of Escherichia coliand Salmonellaspecies from samples in dairy farms with survey on perception antimicrobial use, resistance and public health aspect in selected districts of western Oromia, Ethiopia.Of 60 respondents were interviewed and subsequently, 384 samples collected consisting cow milk, fecal, bucket milk and bucket swab for isolation and identificationby biochemical tests, SPSS analyzed andChi-square used to assess association of bacteria in samples.Isolated bacteriasubjected susceptibility test using 8 antibiotics by using disk diffusion test.From overall prevalence observed 63(16.4%) for Escherichia coli and 31(8.1%) Salmonella.Significantly high proportion of Escherichia coli (19.2%) and Salmonella species (10.5%) obtained in udder milk indicated (p= 0.016, 0.004); 5% and 5% low proportion in bucket swab and bucket milk, respectively. High prevalence of Escherichia coli (15.7%) and Salmonella species (6.4%)was observed in feces of cattle. Escherichia coli and Salmonella isolate result of disk diffusion was significantly resistant to cefoxitin (71.4%, 77.4%), tetracycline (65.8%, 67.8%), streptomycin (55.6%, 61.3%), for ciprofloxacin and gentamycin greater than 50%. Isolates, 90.5% Escherichia coli and 87.1% Salmonella species isolate resistant to multiple antibioticswere used. About, (84.9%, 83.3%), and (100%, 90.9%) Escherichia coli and Salmonella species isolates from milk and feces respectively were multi-drug resistant. Study bacteriawere isolates susceptible to nitrofurantoin, nalidixic acid, ceftriaxone and ciprofloxacin. Of respondents, yet worryingly 86.7% knew what antibiotics and 88.3% believed waste management not causes antibiotic resistance. Samples harbored targeted study bacteria and antibiotic resistant profile of isolatedEscherichia coli and Salmonella that have health hazard. Therefore, strengthening of communitiesto minimize malpractice of antibiotic useswas importance to limit associated health risk and occurrence of antimicrobial resistance in study areas.